Fungi and bacteria resistant polyvinyl chloride compositions



Patented Sept. 11, 1951 FUNGI AND BACTERIA RESISTANT POLY- VINYL CHLORIDE COMPOSITIONS Rogers W. Malone, Jr., St. Louis, Mo., assignor to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application December 3,1948, Serial N0. 63,445

4 Claims. (Cl. ZED-45.2)

This invention relates to improved resinous compositions containing polymerized vinyl chloride. More particularly, this invention relates to plasticized resinous compositions having improved resistance to deterioration due to attack by such micro-organisms as fungi and bacteria, and containing polymerized vinyl chloride, copolymers containing predominantly combined vinyl chloride, or combinations thereof containing predominantly combined vinyl chloride, collectively and broadly herein referred to as "polyvinyl chloride compositions.

Polyvinyl chloride compositions have found many useful applications because of their wide range of elastomeric and mechanical properties coupled with their extreme resistance to oxidation, organic solvents, acids and alkalies. Typical of such applications are calendered films and sheeting for wearing apparel, shower curtains and seat and cushion coverings, In such applications, polyvinyl chloride compositions have found utility as a free or unsupported film but more frequently polyvinyl chloride compositions have been used to coat such textiles as cotton, wool, silk, rayon, and nylon thereby obtaining a composition or fabric for use in the above mentioned applications which combines the desirable properties of the textile and the desirable properties of the polyvinyl chloride composition. Such polyvinyl chloride compositions frequently contain plasticizers or stabilizers which have their origin 'in animal or vegetable sources, or the base material of coated compositions frequently contains materials which have their origin in animal or vegetable sources which thereby render the resultant composition quite susceptible to deteriorating attack by such micro-organisms as fungi and bacteria. Such deterioration of polyvinyl chloride compositions or polyvinyl chloride coated compositions seriously hinders full scale utility of the compositions particularly in those areas and those applications which are conducive to such an attack.

Copper 8-quinolinolate is a well known fungicide and bactericide, and repeated attempts have been made to incorporate this material into polyvinyl chloride compositions in order to render- 2 v 7 tion, within several hours after preparation of the composition the copper 8-quinolinolate begins to crystallize or bloom on the surface of the composition indicating incompatability and rendering the composition unfit for use.

It is an object of this invention to provide poly-. vinyl chloride compositions having improved re-- sistance to deterioration due to attack by such micro-organisms as fungi and bacteria.

It is also an object of this invention to provide a plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition wherein there may be incorporated a suflicient quantity of copper 8-quinolinolate to render the composition resistant to attack by fungi and bacteria and in which composition the copper 8-quinolinolate is fully compatible evidencing no tendency to bloom or crystallize in the composition.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a textile coated with a plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition which is resistant to deterioration due to attack by fungi and bacteria.

Further objects will become apparent from the description of the novel compositions of this invention and the claims.

In order to obtain fungi or bacteria resistant polyvinyl chloride compositions, it is preferable that such compositions contain from 0.1 to 2.5 parts by weight of copper a-quinolinolate per hundred parts of polymerized vinyl chloride resin. At times under severe conditions it is desirable to increase the copper 8-quinolinolate content to 10 parts by weight per hundred parts of resin. It has now been found that such quantities of copper B-quinolinolate may be incorporated into a polyvinyl chloride composition without blooming or crystallization resulting if there is also incorporated therein 1 to 25 parts by weight and preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde per hundred parts of polymerized vinyl chloride resin. Thus, the novel fungi and bacteria resistant polyvinyl chloride compositions of this invention are comprised of parts by weight of a polymerized vinyl chloride resin, 5 to 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight and preferably 0.1 to 2.5 parts I by weight of copper 8-quinolinolate, and 1 to 25 parts by weight and preferably 5 to 25 parts by, weight of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde.

It is preferred that the toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde condensation product which serves as the compatibilizing agent for copper 8-quinolinolate in the novel composition of this invention be obtained by the condensation of 1 mol of formaldehyde with approximately 1 mol of toiuenesulfonamide. The molar ratio of toluenesulfonamide to formaldehyde may however be varied over a wide range without affecting the compatibilizing effect 'ofthe resultant condensation product. Excessive quantities of formaldehyde do not materially alter the nature of the reaction product as these excessive quantities are lost during the reaction. Excessive quantities of toluenesulfonamide result in a condensation prod-' not having a higher free amide content which does not materially affect the compatibilizing effect of the condensation product on copper B- quinolinolate.

Though particular reference has been made to compositions of polymerized vinyl chloride resins, the herein described toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde reaction product and copper B-quinolino- -late may be incorporated into compositions conmonly used in the plastics industry. The compatibilizing effect of the toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde condensation product on copper 8- quinolinolate is also realized in unplasticized compositions as well as compositions plasticized with the common plasticizers used in the plastics industry such as dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl adipate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, and resinous plasticizers such as the condensation products of polycarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.

The novel compositions of this invention may be effectively utilized to produce free or unsupported polyvinyl chloride films and sheeting which will be resistant to the deteriorating effects of fungi and bacteria. These compatible compositions may also be applied as a coating to various textiles, such as, cotton, wool, rayon, silk, and nylon, and natural, synthetic, and artificial leathers. These compositions may be so applied by any of the well known methods used to apply polyvinyl chloride coatings, such as the conventional calendering, solvent coating, or dip coating methods. Such coated compositions, wherein the novel compositions of this invention are utilized, in addition to possessing the desirable characteristics of the base material and the polyvinyl chloride coating, are thereby rendered extremely resistant to deterioration due to attack by fungi and bacteria.

All of the compositions of the following examples were processed in the following identical manner in order to evaluate the utility of the condensation product oftoluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde as a compatibilizing agent for copper 8-quinolinolate in polyvinyl chloride compovii) as follows:

The proportional parts by weight of the resins. plasticizers. toluenesulfonamlde fomaldehyde condensation product and copper 8-quinolinolate were weighed and intimately mixed, and the mixture placed on a' differential speed roll mill and further mixed and fluxed for 5 minutes at 160 C. At the end of this roll and mixing operation. homogeneous compositions had formed on the roll mill and the plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions were'then sheeted of! of the roll mill. Specimens of each composition were then placed in a mold 5" x 5" x 0.040" and subjected to a pressure of 2,000 lbs. per square inch, and

- a temperature of 160 C. "The molded specimens after removal from the mold were observed for compatibility. Those compositions which exhibited signs of blooming or crystallization on the surface of the molded specimen were regarded as incompatible and unfit for use. Those specimens which evidenced no sign of crystallization or blooming, were regarded as compatible and suitable for use.

. Example I A composition comprising parts of polyvinyl chloride, 2.5 parts tricresyl phosphate, -'2.5 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate, and 1 part of copper S-quinolinolate was processed in the above described manner. The specimen, when removed from the mold, evidenced crystallization on the surface of the composition, thereby indicating incompatibility of the copper 8-quinolinolate.

Emample II A composition comprising 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 2.5 parts of tricresyl phosphate,

2.5 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate, 5 parts of the toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde condensation product and 1 part of copper 8-quino1inolate was processed in the above described manner. The specimen when removed from the mold was free of any signs of blooming or crystallization. thereby indicating a compatible composition.

Example III A composition comprising 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 25 parts of tricresyl phosphate, 25 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate, 1 part of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 0.2 part of copper-.8-quinolinolate was prepared in the above described manner. The specimen exhibited no signs of incompatibility.

Example -V A composition was prepared containing 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 25 parts of tricresyl phosphate, 25 parts of butyl'acetyl ricinoleate, 5 parts of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde; and 1 part of copper v8-quinolinolate and was processed in the manner described above. The molded specimen evidenced no signs of incompatibility.

A cotton duck fabric was coated with the composition described in Example V by the. calendering method which consisted in simultane- Example VII A composition was prepared containing 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 25 parts of dioctyl phthalate, parts of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 1.5 parts of copper a-quinolinolate and processed in the above described manner. The molded specimen evidenced no signs of incompatibility.

Example VIII A composition was prepared containing 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 100 parts of dioctyl phthalate, and 1.5 parts of copper B-quinolinolate and processed in the manner described above. The molded specimen exhibited crystallization on the surface indicating the incompatibility of copper B-quinolinolate.

Example IX A composition comprising 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 100 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 5 parts of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 1.5 parts of copper B-quinolinolate was processed in the above described manner. The molded specimen exhibited no signs of incompatibility.

Example X A composition comprising 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 12.5 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 12.5 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate, and 5 parts of copper 8-quinolinolate wa processed in the above described manner. The molded specimen evidenced blooming and crystallization on the surface of the composition thereby indicating the incompatibility of copper 8-quinolinolate in this composition.

Example XI A composition comprising 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 12.5 parts of dioctyl phthalate. 12.5 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate. 5 parts of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 5 parts of copper 8-quinolinolate was processed in the above described manner. The molded specimen exhibited no signs of incompatibility.

Example XII A composition comprising 100 parts of a polymerized vinyl resin containing 90 parts of combined vinyl chloride and 10 parts of combined vinyl acetate, parts-of tricresyl phosphate, 25 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate, and 10 parts of copper 8-quinolinolate was processed in the above described manner. The molded specimen exhibited crystallization on the surface of the The molded composition. thereby indicating the incompatibility' of copper B-quiholi'nolate.

Example XIII v A composition comprising 100 parts of a polymerized vinyl resin containing parts of combined vinyl chloride and 10 parts of combined vinyl acetate, 25 parts of tricresyl phosp ate, 25 parts of butyl acetyl ricinole'at'e, 5 parts of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 10 parts of copper 8-quinolinolate was processed in the above described manner. The melded specimen evidenced no signs of incompatibility.- a

I'he, composition described inExample XIII ,wa calendered onto a cotton fabric. The coated fabric was thereby rendered resistant to attack by such micro-organisms as fungi and bacteria and at the same time possessed all the desirable characteristics of the base fabric and the polyvinyl chloride coating.

Example XIV A composition comprising parts of a polymerized vinyl resin containin 90 parts of combined vinyl chloride and 10 parts of combined vinyl acetate, 25 parts of tricresyl phosphate, 25 parts of butyl acetyl ricinoleate, 25 parts of the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 25 parts of copper S-quinolinolate was processed in the above described manner. The molded specimen evidenced no signs of incompatibility.

Examples I, III, VI. VIII, X and XII as herein set forth veryclearly indicate the extreme incompatibility of copper 8-quin'olinolate in polyvinyl chloride compositions as are prepared according to the methods heretofore practiced. Examples II, IV, V, VII, IX, Xi, XIII, and XIV are indicative of the outstanding compatibilizing effect of the toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde condensation product on copper 8-quinolinolate in polyvinyl chloride compositions thereby permitting the formulation of polyvinyl chloride compositions which are resistant to deterioration due to attack by such micro-organisms as fungi and bacteria.

Samples of the polyvinyl chloride coated cotton fabric prepared in Examples V and XIII, and unsupported polyvinyl chloride films prepared from the compositions set forth in Examples 11 and XIV were inoculated with each of the following organisms:

Chaetomium globosum, Metarrhizium sp., Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. and then incubated for 36 hours.

Results of this biological test were as follows:

Organism Fungus Activity on the Sample Chaeto miam globoaum Metarrllizium ap Aspemillua nigcr Penicillium ap N o glxsowth of the organism on the sample.

Do. Do.

7 weight 01 a polymerized vinyl resin containing at least 80% 01 combined vinyl chloride, a Plasticizer for said resin, 1 to 25 parts by weight 0! the condensation product of toluenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of copper 8-quinoiinolate.

2. A composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a polymerized vinyl resin containing at least 80% of combined vinyl chloride, a plasticizer for said resin, 5 to 25 parts by weight of the condensation product of toluenesuli'onamide and formaldehyde, and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of copper 8-quinolinolate.

3. An article 01 manufacture comprising a textile coated with the composition of claim 1.

4. An article of manufacture comprising a ROGERS W. MALONE, JR.

8 REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS I Date Number Name 2,426,257 Zeigler Aug. 26, 1947 2,457,025 Benignus Dec. 21, 1948 2,490,100 Smith Dec. 6, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 721,717 France Mar. 7, 1932 OTHER REFERENCES Paint Mfg., Jan., 1948, 18, 1 pp. 21 and 22. 

1. A COMPOSITION COMPRISING 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A POLYMERIZED VINYL RESIN CONTAINING AT LEAST 80% OF COMBINED VINYL CHLORIDE, A PLASTICIZER FOR SAID RESIN, 1 TO 25 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF THE CONDENSATION PRODUCT OF TOLUENESULFONAMIDE AND FORMALDEHYDE, AND 0.1 TO 10 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF COPPER 8-QUINOLINOLATE. 